DNSSEC Debugger - hdl.handle.net

Domain Name:

Time: 2025-12-15 09:43:39 UTC

Analyzing DNSSEC problems for hdl.handle.net

DS=20326/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust

	Checking DS between Trust Anchor and .
	`. IN DS ( 20326 8 2 e06d44b80b8f1d39a95c0b0d7c65d08458e880409bbc683457104237c7f8ec8d )`
	Query to e.root-servers.net for ./DNSKEY
	Received 1139 bytes from 192.203.230.10
	;; Response received from [192.203.230.10] 1139 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 19972 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 4 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1472, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; . IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (4 records) . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAeuS7hMRZ7muj1c/ew2DoavxkBw3jUG5R79pKVDI39fxvlD1HfJYGJERnXuV4SrQfUPzWw/l t5Axb0EqXL/sQ2ZyntVmwQwoSXi2l9smlIKh2UrkTmmozRCPe7GS4fZTE4Ew7AV4YprTLgVmxiGP 4unRuXkYOgQJXCIBpVCmEdUli6X2sm0i5ZilU/Q+rX3RDw+eYPP7K0cJnJ+ZnvQDy14+BFtreWl9 enNQljgGpBp26lEp1z7AbvUfzkQNVCVGaM8jEaCSALXiROlwCQMOdj+tpLXFf99kdJnTQw2cpEr1 uGs/yENAJpoGhbjZAoIkXzDUBSlfFeYz7FWzH6gIe7M= ) ; keytag 61809 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlE xOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgC mr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+ SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnX GXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= ) ; keytag 20326 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF 2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdp WWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwu MoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBev YtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= ) ; keytag 38696 . 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 0 172800 20251231000000 20251210000000 20326 . GtG815YBui59E5sObprF3pDkJhEZQhPIgRdJAGItKoXToXmek0SDpBkg7wsmoM/WWeDNWaYecNTO tz3HTi5ncNHH/vPwBSySDS2AlGCcXDH5gdoh1bIjU98OoT2QfdeujlTr8UqJ60woWwC3HUb2oyeT YSYAargeWYJ4KvNh1vkhcyg9ygR12ohkCC5XhAWucdmuVwnE5Y9qABCStI27yYppoGv36UHakdqW rhdUStla6r0C4f4BudLZX/EkFRlUUhxkwa+XtLfYO2QQxCfuot0Msne9FVEe4HNkFutJw4mGNgQZ yESjt9Q8bGbzCngJgV89HzM02ChJAVofG2ltew== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 3 DNSKEY records for .
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAeuS7hMRZ7muj1c/ew2DoavxkBw3jUG5R79pKVDI39fxvlD1HfJYGJERnXuV4SrQfUPzWw/l t5Axb0EqXL/sQ2ZyntVmwQwoSXi2l9smlIKh2UrkTmmozRCPe7GS4fZTE4Ew7AV4YprTLgVmxiGP 4unRuXkYOgQJXCIBpVCmEdUli6X2sm0i5ZilU/Q+rX3RDw+eYPP7K0cJnJ+ZnvQDy14+BFtreWl9 enNQljgGpBp26lEp1z7AbvUfzkQNVCVGaM8jEaCSALXiROlwCQMOdj+tpLXFf99kdJnTQw2cpEr1 uGs/yENAJpoGhbjZAoIkXzDUBSlfFeYz7FWzH6gIe7M= ) ; keytag 61809`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlE xOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgC mr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+ SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnX GXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= ) ; keytag 20326`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF 2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdp WWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwu MoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBev YtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= ) ; keytag 38696`
	DNSKEY=20326/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=20326/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=20326/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`. 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 0 172800 20251231000000 20251210000000 20326 . GtG815YBui59E5sObprF3pDkJhEZQhPIgRdJAGItKoXToXmek0SDpBkg7wsmoM/WWeDNWaYecNTO tz3HTi5ncNHH/vPwBSySDS2AlGCcXDH5gdoh1bIjU98OoT2QfdeujlTr8UqJ60woWwC3HUb2oyeT YSYAargeWYJ4KvNh1vkhcyg9ygR12ohkCC5XhAWucdmuVwnE5Y9qABCStI27yYppoGv36UHakdqW rhdUStla6r0C4f4BudLZX/EkFRlUUhxkwa+XtLfYO2QQxCfuot0Msne9FVEe4HNkFutJw4mGNgQZ yESjt9Q8bGbzCngJgV89HzM02ChJAVofG2ltew== )`
	RRSIG=20326 and DNSKEY=20326/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=61809 is now in the chain-of-trust
	DNSKEY=38696/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to e.root-servers.net for hdl.handle.net/A
	Received 1171 bytes from 192.203.230.10
	;; Response received from [192.203.230.10] 1171 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 7153 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 15 arcount = 27 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1472, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; hdl.handle.net. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (15 records) net. 172800 IN NS a.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS b.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS c.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS d.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS e.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS f.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS g.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS h.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS i.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS j.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS k.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS l.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS m.gtld-servers.net. net. 86400 IN DS ( 37331 13 2 2f0bec2d6f79dfbd1d08fd21a3af92d0e39a4b9ef1e3f4111fff282490da453b ) net. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20251228050000 20251215040000 61809 . SpERQ/kk8BjBY/yDm/I/lq+exv+XCVMcPJfUPGPUu7BZcljorzEd7rj2qDQx2FN4+hE9cU2vT+sn VwXk7QIO1Sd5o9pgV4ADZnii7mtj9VKqy1TBVuq0Fk1WIU7gQt2SWVYW3zsaNE+67DRa3Dqp0YiK dYLZdt4U24PalQn9bezvdDVXX93UG2dv30ne56YcX1mhM2hhGL50CjRjwLiM/8EM5NRGqQQUWSl/ H1Ag4LD/leEL/PDgwcifDorpmC2ZjX8XAJmv1QffTzf1HqLiNFkabu1sCBikLBYi+9XAYC0I1mC5 94wesDzwxUuMEGSxQq8pjx0D7KVRyaKr2Kay/g== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (27 records) a.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.5.6.30 a.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:a83e::2:30 b.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.33.14.30 b.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:231d::2:30 c.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.26.92.30 c.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:83eb::30 d.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.31.80.30 d.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:856e::30 e.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.12.94.30 e.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:1ca1::30 f.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.35.51.30 f.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d414::30 g.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.42.93.30 g.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:eea3::30 h.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.54.112.30 h.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:8cc::30 i.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.43.172.30 i.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:39c1::30 j.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.48.79.30 j.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:7094::30 k.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.52.178.30 k.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d2d::30 l.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.41.162.30 l.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:d937::30 m.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.55.83.30 m.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:501:b1f9::30 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to a.root-servers.net for net/DNSKEY
	Received 1160 bytes from 198.41.0.4
	;; Response received from [198.41.0.4] 1160 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 11079 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 15 arcount = 27 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; net. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (15 records) net. 172800 IN NS m.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS k.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS b.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS f.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS d.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS h.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS j.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS l.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS a.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS e.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS c.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS g.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS i.gtld-servers.net. net. 86400 IN DS ( 37331 13 2 2f0bec2d6f79dfbd1d08fd21a3af92d0e39a4b9ef1e3f4111fff282490da453b ) net. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20251228050000 20251215040000 61809 . SpERQ/kk8BjBY/yDm/I/lq+exv+XCVMcPJfUPGPUu7BZcljorzEd7rj2qDQx2FN4+hE9cU2vT+sn VwXk7QIO1Sd5o9pgV4ADZnii7mtj9VKqy1TBVuq0Fk1WIU7gQt2SWVYW3zsaNE+67DRa3Dqp0YiK dYLZdt4U24PalQn9bezvdDVXX93UG2dv30ne56YcX1mhM2hhGL50CjRjwLiM/8EM5NRGqQQUWSl/ H1Ag4LD/leEL/PDgwcifDorpmC2ZjX8XAJmv1QffTzf1HqLiNFkabu1sCBikLBYi+9XAYC0I1mC5 94wesDzwxUuMEGSxQq8pjx0D7KVRyaKr2Kay/g== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (27 records) m.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.55.83.30 m.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:501:b1f9::30 k.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.52.178.30 k.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d2d::30 b.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.33.14.30 b.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:231d::2:30 f.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.35.51.30 f.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d414::30 d.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.31.80.30 d.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:856e::30 h.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.54.112.30 h.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:8cc::30 j.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.48.79.30 j.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:7094::30 l.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.41.162.30 l.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:d937::30 a.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.5.6.30 a.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:a83e::2:30 e.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.12.94.30 e.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:1ca1::30 c.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.26.92.30 c.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:83eb::30 g.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.42.93.30 g.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:eea3::30 i.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.43.172.30 i.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:39c1::30 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found child zone net

net

	Checking DS between . and net
	Query to j.root-servers.net for net/DS
	Received 367 bytes from 192.58.128.30
	;; Response received from [192.58.128.30] 367 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 7241 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1472, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; net. IN DS ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) net. 86400 IN DS ( 37331 13 2 2f0bec2d6f79dfbd1d08fd21a3af92d0e39a4b9ef1e3f4111fff282490da453b ) net. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20251228050000 20251215040000 61809 . SpERQ/kk8BjBY/yDm/I/lq+exv+XCVMcPJfUPGPUu7BZcljorzEd7rj2qDQx2FN4+hE9cU2vT+sn VwXk7QIO1Sd5o9pgV4ADZnii7mtj9VKqy1TBVuq0Fk1WIU7gQt2SWVYW3zsaNE+67DRa3Dqp0YiK dYLZdt4U24PalQn9bezvdDVXX93UG2dv30ne56YcX1mhM2hhGL50CjRjwLiM/8EM5NRGqQQUWSl/ H1Ag4LD/leEL/PDgwcifDorpmC2ZjX8XAJmv1QffTzf1HqLiNFkabu1sCBikLBYi+9XAYC0I1mC5 94wesDzwxUuMEGSxQq8pjx0D7KVRyaKr2Kay/g== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 1 DS records for net in the . zone
	DS=37331/SHA-256 has algorithm ECDSAP256SHA256
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DS RRset
	`net. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20251228050000 20251215040000 61809 . SpERQ/kk8BjBY/yDm/I/lq+exv+XCVMcPJfUPGPUu7BZcljorzEd7rj2qDQx2FN4+hE9cU2vT+sn VwXk7QIO1Sd5o9pgV4ADZnii7mtj9VKqy1TBVuq0Fk1WIU7gQt2SWVYW3zsaNE+67DRa3Dqp0YiK dYLZdt4U24PalQn9bezvdDVXX93UG2dv30ne56YcX1mhM2hhGL50CjRjwLiM/8EM5NRGqQQUWSl/ H1Ag4LD/leEL/PDgwcifDorpmC2ZjX8XAJmv1QffTzf1HqLiNFkabu1sCBikLBYi+9XAYC0I1mC5 94wesDzwxUuMEGSxQq8pjx0D7KVRyaKr2Kay/g== )`
	RRSIG=61809 and DNSKEY=61809 verifies the DS RRset
	DS=37331/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust
	`net. 86400 IN DS ( 37331 13 2 2f0bec2d6f79dfbd1d08fd21a3af92d0e39a4b9ef1e3f4111fff282490da453b )`
	Query to a.gtld-servers.net for net/DNSKEY
	Received 291 bytes from 192.5.6.30
	;; Response received from [192.5.6.30] 291 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 37137 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; net. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) net. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 HiBoGpzDRAgrDmUXXTSnl7jCX6Hx5bzkU2jSxMbVI01yS+13EyOghnCidBXU0bH2gi2w9GhYGacp U6CrtwoFNg== ) ; keytag 37331 net. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 n1/xo9dFf3KM3jYGnOXOzhVK5LsgTqM4BnTeyBLml4GNNYgs/Wmr3YA8pvodMthc1wD4nH7wL5vY Tag4cROQJg== ) ; keytag 17133 net. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 1 86400 20251223151035 20251208150535 37331 net. ehjbbcDeGgGYo9yEYCeDBoknioZm0+Dx4BznWkjdqONADkj8F6UW1OqWhN1gWHkl7asUNETCtw24 6Nt3mHiz2w== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 2 DNSKEY records for net
	`net. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 HiBoGpzDRAgrDmUXXTSnl7jCX6Hx5bzkU2jSxMbVI01yS+13EyOghnCidBXU0bH2gi2w9GhYGacp U6CrtwoFNg== ) ; keytag 37331`
	`net. 86400 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 n1/xo9dFf3KM3jYGnOXOzhVK5LsgTqM4BnTeyBLml4GNNYgs/Wmr3YA8pvodMthc1wD4nH7wL5vY Tag4cROQJg== ) ; keytag 17133`
	DNSKEY=37331/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=37331/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=37331/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`net. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 1 86400 20251223151035 20251208150535 37331 net. ehjbbcDeGgGYo9yEYCeDBoknioZm0+Dx4BznWkjdqONADkj8F6UW1OqWhN1gWHkl7asUNETCtw24 6Nt3mHiz2w== )`
	RRSIG=37331 and DNSKEY=37331/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=17133 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to i.gtld-servers.net for hdl.handle.net/A
	Received 246 bytes from 192.43.172.30
	;; Response received from [192.43.172.30] 246 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 46249 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 4 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; hdl.handle.net. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (4 records) handle.net. 172800 IN NS brad.ns.cloudflare.com. handle.net. 172800 IN NS linda.ns.cloudflare.com. handle.net. 86400 IN DS ( 2371 13 2 57c16300c3f2e5ac1656f89575bffb7fcd2c40210cf03e603cb13809b3d4babf ) handle.net. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 86400 20251221050002 20251214035002 17133 net. G7VuVNzdEZXxoYstwDLkx5o5PaPweTl2rRZNwKiXA92AfXbbG4wZVJoWI2PJzHqnLlSo5Wn/4Ms3 91t0WXA7kg== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to k.gtld-servers.net for handle.net/DNSKEY
	Received 242 bytes from 192.52.178.30
	;; Response received from [192.52.178.30] 242 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 44005 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 4 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; handle.net. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (4 records) handle.net. 172800 IN NS brad.ns.cloudflare.com. handle.net. 172800 IN NS linda.ns.cloudflare.com. handle.net. 86400 IN DS ( 2371 13 2 57c16300c3f2e5ac1656f89575bffb7fcd2c40210cf03e603cb13809b3d4babf ) handle.net. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 86400 20251221050002 20251214035002 17133 net. G7VuVNzdEZXxoYstwDLkx5o5PaPweTl2rRZNwKiXA92AfXbbG4wZVJoWI2PJzHqnLlSo5Wn/4Ms3 91t0WXA7kg== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found child zone handle.net

handle.net

	Checking DS between net and handle.net
	Query to k.gtld-servers.net for handle.net/DS
	Received 1078 bytes from 192.52.178.30
	;; Response received from [192.52.178.30] 1078 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 27070 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 14 arcount = 27 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 4096, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; handle.net. IN DS ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) handle.net. 86400 IN DS ( 2371 13 2 57c16300c3f2e5ac1656f89575bffb7fcd2c40210cf03e603cb13809b3d4babf ) handle.net. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 86400 20251221050002 20251214035002 17133 net. G7VuVNzdEZXxoYstwDLkx5o5PaPweTl2rRZNwKiXA92AfXbbG4wZVJoWI2PJzHqnLlSo5Wn/4Ms3 91t0WXA7kg== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (14 records) net. 172800 IN NS e.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS j.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS h.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS b.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS m.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS c.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS l.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS k.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS g.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS i.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS a.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS f.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN NS d.gtld-servers.net. net. 172800 IN RRSIG ( NS 13 1 172800 20251219032626 20251212021626 17133 net. lklPceD7pWwFuX2DunYMFR6whGxUFbf143hCS+WcoXwb/ZmiEdqSgz0qLQB2ttfAtNVrwkJgG7KC 1VljNQS45g== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (27 records) e.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.12.94.30 e.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:1ca1::30 j.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.48.79.30 j.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:7094::30 h.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.54.112.30 h.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:8cc::30 b.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.33.14.30 b.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:231d::2:30 m.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.55.83.30 m.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:501:b1f9::30 c.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.26.92.30 c.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:83eb::30 l.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.41.162.30 l.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:d937::30 k.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.52.178.30 k.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d2d::30 g.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.42.93.30 g.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:eea3::30 i.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.43.172.30 i.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:39c1::30 a.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.5.6.30 a.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:a83e::2:30 f.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.35.51.30 f.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d414::30 d.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.31.80.30 d.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:856e::30 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 1 DS records for handle.net in the net zone
	DS=2371/SHA-256 has algorithm ECDSAP256SHA256
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DS RRset
	`handle.net. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 86400 20251221050002 20251214035002 17133 net. G7VuVNzdEZXxoYstwDLkx5o5PaPweTl2rRZNwKiXA92AfXbbG4wZVJoWI2PJzHqnLlSo5Wn/4Ms3 91t0WXA7kg== )`
	RRSIG=17133 and DNSKEY=17133 verifies the DS RRset
	DS=2371/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust
	`handle.net. 86400 IN DS ( 2371 13 2 57c16300c3f2e5ac1656f89575bffb7fcd2c40210cf03e603cb13809b3d4babf )`
	Query to brad.ns.cloudflare.com for handle.net/DNSKEY
	Received 305 bytes from 108.162.193.105
	;; Response received from [108.162.193.105] 305 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 47488 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; handle.net. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) handle.net. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 mdsswUyr3DPW132mOi8V9xESWE8jTo0dxCjjnopKl+GqJxpVXckHAeF+KkxLbxILfDLUT0rAK9iU zy1L53eKGQ== ) ; keytag 2371 handle.net. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 oJMRESz5E4gYzS/q6XDrvU1qMPYIjCWzJaOau8XNEZeqCYKD5ar0IRd8KqXXFJkqmVfRvMGPmM1x 8fGAa2XhSA== ) ; keytag 34505 handle.net. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 2 3600 20260202225647 20251203225647 2371 handle.net. g/XRO9m+eaimcDSR7ROxb2XPOln9MCm7otoQbzI9Dv2TtVma9rb0tI9EPUS5VBDhrzh9RT/uraEa umKdmYK+Og== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 2 DNSKEY records for handle.net
	`handle.net. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 mdsswUyr3DPW132mOi8V9xESWE8jTo0dxCjjnopKl+GqJxpVXckHAeF+KkxLbxILfDLUT0rAK9iU zy1L53eKGQ== ) ; keytag 2371`
	`handle.net. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 oJMRESz5E4gYzS/q6XDrvU1qMPYIjCWzJaOau8XNEZeqCYKD5ar0IRd8KqXXFJkqmVfRvMGPmM1x 8fGAa2XhSA== ) ; keytag 34505`
	DNSKEY=2371/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=2371/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=2371/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`handle.net. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 2 3600 20260202225647 20251203225647 2371 handle.net. g/XRO9m+eaimcDSR7ROxb2XPOln9MCm7otoQbzI9Dv2TtVma9rb0tI9EPUS5VBDhrzh9RT/uraEa umKdmYK+Og== )`
	RRSIG=2371 and DNSKEY=2371/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=34505 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to linda.ns.cloudflare.com for hdl.handle.net/A
	Received 181 bytes from 172.64.32.250
	;; Response received from [172.64.32.250] 181 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 30142 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; hdl.handle.net. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) hdl.handle.net. 300 IN A 172.67.154.242 hdl.handle.net. 300 IN A 104.21.6.52 hdl.handle.net. 300 IN RRSIG ( A 13 3 300 20251216104340 20251214084340 34505 handle.net. vQNOj45c5xeuN8AW1NJxYg0gV8IRIjh2LV+7bTpjPZYFzhwqvjF9kHqPIMLW9AdYyGu3WI9rONkA WJB0FKZLbA== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	linda.ns.cloudflare.com is authoritative for hdl.handle.net
	Query to linda.ns.cloudflare.com for hdl.handle.net/DNSKEY
	Received 361 bytes from 108.162.192.250
	;; Response received from [108.162.192.250] 361 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 36890 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 4 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; hdl.handle.net. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (4 records) handle.net. 1800 IN SOA ( brad.ns.cloudflare.com. dns.cloudflare.com. 2391103338 ;serial 10000 ;refresh 2400 ;retry 604800 ;expire 1800 ;minimum ) hdl.handle.net. 1800 IN NSEC ( \000.hdl.handle.net. A HINFO MX TXT AAAA LOC SRV NAPTR CERT SSHFP RRSIG NSEC TLSA SMIMEA HIP OPENPGPKEY SVCB HTTPS URI CAA ) handle.net. 1800 IN RRSIG ( SOA 13 2 1800 20251216104340 20251214084340 34505 handle.net. WaXmfitoJGmk/Of94yDeaVsNM+0NiE9zUM264Ogl3qRd7va2hlGD5WWKPA8PU4Vaf6kx7HMKy7zG S5/rQCPsSw== ) hdl.handle.net. 1800 IN RRSIG ( NSEC 13 3 1800 20251216104340 20251214084340 34505 handle.net. 7vz6pdCfCbPnZFCF+nTeRiaJ/2IhJ9jWPZIAnOVNPq38n4p0QW+lS382YPjaKenRPFpoeiUiazSp /rmUCGCeDQ== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found RRSIG signed by handle.net zone
	Query to brad.ns.cloudflare.com for handle.net/SOA
	Received 207 bytes from 173.245.59.105
	;; Response received from [173.245.59.105] 207 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 53990 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; handle.net. IN SOA ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) handle.net. 1800 IN SOA ( brad.ns.cloudflare.com. dns.cloudflare.com. 2391103338 ;serial 10000 ;refresh 2400 ;retry 604800 ;expire 1800 ;minimum ) handle.net. 1800 IN RRSIG ( SOA 13 2 1800 20251216104340 20251214084340 34505 handle.net. 72eJoUaW8oKaPofy7SY94zvt+XDS3gO87ycxNMG0FC2MavryasVOxeYSp88BZXla/7CvHaAiShw8 /6RKyNSZ9Q== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to linda.ns.cloudflare.com for hdl.handle.net/A
	Received 181 bytes from 172.64.32.250
	;; Response received from [172.64.32.250] 181 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 38307 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; hdl.handle.net. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) hdl.handle.net. 300 IN A 172.67.154.242 hdl.handle.net. 300 IN A 104.21.6.52 hdl.handle.net. 300 IN RRSIG ( A 13 3 300 20251216104340 20251214084340 34505 handle.net. YRqkiQlpN4iM/2NCh9zvTC1YJh38uPAQGHe3woVv5KVekLyPLLxVbjygqb+cXba8rnuswj8jAu8q YTUA+UexuA== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	hdl.handle.net A RR has value 172.67.154.242
	hdl.handle.net A RR has value 104.21.6.52
	Found 1 RRSIGs over A RRset
	`hdl.handle.net. 300 IN RRSIG ( A 13 3 300 20251216104340 20251214084340 34505 handle.net. YRqkiQlpN4iM/2NCh9zvTC1YJh38uPAQGHe3woVv5KVekLyPLLxVbjygqb+cXba8rnuswj8jAu8q YTUA+UexuA== )`
	RRSIG=34505 and DNSKEY=34505 verifies the A RRset

handle.net

	Query to brad.ns.cloudflare.com for hdl.handle.net/A
	Received 181 bytes from 108.162.193.105
	;; Response received from [108.162.193.105] 181 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 24346 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; hdl.handle.net. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) hdl.handle.net. 300 IN A 104.21.6.52 hdl.handle.net. 300 IN A 172.67.154.242 hdl.handle.net. 300 IN RRSIG ( A 13 3 300 20251216104340 20251214084340 34505 handle.net. QKVzNCcJ6ByYjoqmptsNpS7SzfeD3VFZevvrHLcKvWXH5r6fPNwBc5L9q2d4tjCdPYQiln8z6kYG OMn/7SzCPA== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	brad.ns.cloudflare.com is authoritative for hdl.handle.net
	Query to brad.ns.cloudflare.com for hdl.handle.net/DNSKEY
	Received 361 bytes from 108.162.193.105
	;; Response received from [108.162.193.105] 361 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 46372 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 4 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; hdl.handle.net. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (4 records) handle.net. 1800 IN SOA ( brad.ns.cloudflare.com. dns.cloudflare.com. 2391103338 ;serial 10000 ;refresh 2400 ;retry 604800 ;expire 1800 ;minimum ) hdl.handle.net. 1800 IN NSEC ( \000.hdl.handle.net. A HINFO MX TXT AAAA LOC SRV NAPTR CERT SSHFP RRSIG NSEC TLSA SMIMEA HIP OPENPGPKEY SVCB HTTPS URI CAA ) hdl.handle.net. 1800 IN RRSIG ( NSEC 13 3 1800 20251216104340 20251214084340 34505 handle.net. GYIM13EkU07z9m3oNAddhCq3hcn3T+lwsbfREwkWTAJZwK7R9SawwMZruNrb7T2zJRjjob1gNIuy E1g6qNYHPg== ) handle.net. 1800 IN RRSIG ( SOA 13 2 1800 20251216104340 20251214084340 34505 handle.net. 9RgdS1MfYI4OH52q07ahvlOxY9v84xQYPC2aeLqp2NMw7ObLhZNX12kuD1+HlKc2GIhE/auF20Vu um4fUYwzlg== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found RRSIG signed by handle.net zone
	Query to brad.ns.cloudflare.com for hdl.handle.net/A
	Received 181 bytes from 173.245.59.105
	;; Response received from [173.245.59.105] 181 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 24949 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; hdl.handle.net. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) hdl.handle.net. 300 IN A 104.21.6.52 hdl.handle.net. 300 IN A 172.67.154.242 hdl.handle.net. 300 IN RRSIG ( A 13 3 300 20251216104340 20251214084340 34505 handle.net. PtKfltR3Cm+zuvwxbUBVGdoboBZSGMYg/RpYH+URRT9hzXuNHDYkWhuXt0EFT+3xrA8uUvljvP6V WB+WzpHV/A== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	hdl.handle.net A RR has value 104.21.6.52
	hdl.handle.net A RR has value 172.67.154.242
	Found 1 RRSIGs over A RRset
	`hdl.handle.net. 300 IN RRSIG ( A 13 3 300 20251216104340 20251214084340 34505 handle.net. PtKfltR3Cm+zuvwxbUBVGdoboBZSGMYg/RpYH+URRT9hzXuNHDYkWhuXt0EFT+3xrA8uUvljvP6V WB+WzpHV/A== )`
	RRSIG=34505 and DNSKEY=34505 verifies the A RRset

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