DNSSEC Debugger

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Time: 2026-09-19 18:40:45 UTC

Analyzing DNSSEC problems for irs.gov

DS=20326/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust

DS=38696/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust

	Checking DS between Trust Anchor and .
	`. IN DS ( 20326 8 2 e06d44b80b8f1d39a95c0b0d7c65d08458e880409bbc683457104237c7f8ec8d )`
	`. IN DS ( 38696 8 2 683d2d0acb8c9b712a1948b27f741219298d0a450d612c483af444a4c0fb2b16 )`
	Query to j.root-servers.net for ./DNSKEY
	Received 1414 bytes from 192.58.128.30
	;; Response received from [192.58.128.30] 1414 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 60553 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 5 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1472, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; . IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (5 records) . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAcorNxNc9t0ue1ZenPjVMRujlQ2YLBJ0pR/4XMjHby9vr03cRxFSKnWpxeg5PL384D9VeqdS 1bjrGyTsHtoagzI3NiXFd8sjHMOnZxu5pp/+UBIg7tasYgVMMdUiM1Yu/c+t30d1Qw/v6NYLNnOn ywTu6HuUh7Y1sZRq/GZcrxLENXHQoyKpOrOr8R3+qd6wK69IKB80ZBZtkX9rdEqKJk+yYXjEZzZ0 zkAFthmNgCreAoU9PVlU66dyOsaLjf3wKUlUm9SNOKs+tK6LuSmRbK6+1T/tPaRaMBSEuv2G6vXf nJ1uyMbGvtpRn/YDcvTjrp6DzE6XyF44QdwJ3oKx4ek= ) ; keytag 8763 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAeCYD6Z7WWKVLeuWgowKP+3g+Gs1cnLKq7a3CaQxQpv8bfuFVI0WnG33qaSH/Mw9IBgifrdz f4XY/DQLnyBJ9MfaOyAWuEaEmYJ+GQPiwVVfstGwSA1McfFJUttTgq2Huu74KARhtA8wPo/N3Xcy YQtNhz+qCM5NBb3ecx/naw6sYab9LxS6f2cU0q03++BP5Ks0Uef8WJCa/1izCYE+vMkwoltV+tEN a3hpXiZ7jle/xdgaZrPi5ZGmyLVI34g1XVYrNlsCCTmNvFQIfzW5STFQFsQpizczyFn9r3LzSxxP CNwdlCG84bER0BmdwqbF6Tanv+FxMOavrahkj4wIy5k= ) ; keytag 57780 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlE xOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgC mr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+ SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnX GXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= ) ; keytag 20326 . 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF 2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdp WWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwu MoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBev YtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= ) ; keytag 38696 . 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 0 172800 20261010000000 20260919000000 20326 . SeT2U+BKi7S4R7OPnQ0EBjS6DtsNPasISEAE3iOUQWl552IWiqHLBYkZOa5au73wjV5oH9vQleMB gtIQleByqX74kORDKMmx+EIhhDmiNOf9w33OqM4+s0Etem28QjqQ9e4QgsKI6N39HDMedL31iybJ n6ghPcDT73IyzgTs6mtyV+Lpu1ZqH1yXNNB34YsEzgquGDKU7QkAlQMupqKlZOhJC2pj4724Fzjr MXq68MYAitHMmfnrm2/iqP8i0jIrIQgIl4mVOO4VxMZEsQa+ESJWEBQJ3Fu3jLRII/xIEq1qXb8F 87yhBvKhzuyLfQGaKttdkN9oudecqKuNezNp0g== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 4 DNSKEY records for .
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAcorNxNc9t0ue1ZenPjVMRujlQ2YLBJ0pR/4XMjHby9vr03cRxFSKnWpxeg5PL384D9VeqdS 1bjrGyTsHtoagzI3NiXFd8sjHMOnZxu5pp/+UBIg7tasYgVMMdUiM1Yu/c+t30d1Qw/v6NYLNnOn ywTu6HuUh7Y1sZRq/GZcrxLENXHQoyKpOrOr8R3+qd6wK69IKB80ZBZtkX9rdEqKJk+yYXjEZzZ0 zkAFthmNgCreAoU9PVlU66dyOsaLjf3wKUlUm9SNOKs+tK6LuSmRbK6+1T/tPaRaMBSEuv2G6vXf nJ1uyMbGvtpRn/YDcvTjrp6DzE6XyF44QdwJ3oKx4ek= ) ; keytag 8763`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAeCYD6Z7WWKVLeuWgowKP+3g+Gs1cnLKq7a3CaQxQpv8bfuFVI0WnG33qaSH/Mw9IBgifrdz f4XY/DQLnyBJ9MfaOyAWuEaEmYJ+GQPiwVVfstGwSA1McfFJUttTgq2Huu74KARhtA8wPo/N3Xcy YQtNhz+qCM5NBb3ecx/naw6sYab9LxS6f2cU0q03++BP5Ks0Uef8WJCa/1izCYE+vMkwoltV+tEN a3hpXiZ7jle/xdgaZrPi5ZGmyLVI34g1XVYrNlsCCTmNvFQIfzW5STFQFsQpizczyFn9r3LzSxxP CNwdlCG84bER0BmdwqbF6Tanv+FxMOavrahkj4wIy5k= ) ; keytag 57780`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlE xOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgC mr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+ SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnX GXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU= ) ; keytag 20326`
	`. 172800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAa96jeuknZlaeSrvyAJj6ZHv28hhOKkx3rLGXVaC6rXTsDc449/cidltpkyGwCJNnOAlFNKF 2jBosZBU5eeHspaQWOmOElZsjICMQMC3aeHbGiShvZsx4wMYSjH8e7Vrhbu6irwCzVBApESjbUdp WWmEnhathWu1jo+siFUiRAAxm9qyJNg/wOZqqzL/dL/q8PkcRU5oUKEpUge71M3ej2/7CPqpdVwu MoTvoB+ZOT4YeGyxMvHmbrxlFzGOHOijtzN+u1TQNatX2XBuzZNQ1K+s2CXkPIZo7s6JgZyvaBev YtxPvYLw4z9mR7K2vaF18UYH9Z9GNUUeayffKC73PYc= ) ; keytag 38696`
	DNSKEY=20326/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=20326/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=20326/SEP
	DNSKEY=38696/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=38696/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=38696/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`. 172800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 0 172800 20261010000000 20260919000000 20326 . SeT2U+BKi7S4R7OPnQ0EBjS6DtsNPasISEAE3iOUQWl552IWiqHLBYkZOa5au73wjV5oH9vQleMB gtIQleByqX74kORDKMmx+EIhhDmiNOf9w33OqM4+s0Etem28QjqQ9e4QgsKI6N39HDMedL31iybJ n6ghPcDT73IyzgTs6mtyV+Lpu1ZqH1yXNNB34YsEzgquGDKU7QkAlQMupqKlZOhJC2pj4724Fzjr MXq68MYAitHMmfnrm2/iqP8i0jIrIQgIl4mVOO4VxMZEsQa+ESJWEBQJ3Fu3jLRII/xIEq1qXb8F 87yhBvKhzuyLfQGaKttdkN9oudecqKuNezNp0g== )`
	RRSIG=20326 and DNSKEY=20326/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=8763 is now in the chain-of-trust
	DNSKEY=57780 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to e.root-servers.net for irs.gov/A
	Received 614 bytes from 192.203.230.10
	;; Response received from [192.203.230.10] 614 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 44399 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 6 arcount = 9 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1472, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; irs.gov. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (6 records) gov. 172800 IN NS a.ns.gov. gov. 172800 IN NS b.ns.gov. gov. 172800 IN NS c.ns.gov. gov. 172800 IN NS d.ns.gov. gov. 86400 IN DS ( 2536 13 2 0baf26b7bbf313a859046fd3b1ee49ddfba33934cfb3e717c21e2a2935c2f259 ) gov. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20261002170000 20260919160000 57780 . WGIYCtVfmaLSPju94cq9B+Ux0hWWLccCTeRRlqAcVBoNiAyEt3WjxrCeiag1V5BrSTnr7UZ/TlBo LHJeJIYsrD2iqwNLtYyrenV9FgQ9GeO5ixLLrkHnYELmCzbQv5H8HV5v48s7Ga8j6XmL4sf79vOt iEq5ovN8NXYo9o5qgK4sh+C53EayE7DLWDOTL5WXLfIsxntZQgSd+jM/shJOloFuD26iEqP9wQ62 AiYiqwCtfaxuJJYiyYC4NTpNqcyIzF9daiEM0N63X/wYnKAq//Rp4TjUWUH+DN9an6iPOtx/i269 YbGsg/U9b5RClphL7PSb7jsTmci4gngUd86ysw== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (9 records) a.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.230.1 a.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff40::1 b.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.231.1 b.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff41::1 c.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.232.1 c.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff42::1 d.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.233.1 d.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff43::1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to f.root-servers.net for gov/DNSKEY
	Received 610 bytes from 192.5.5.241
	;; Response received from [192.5.5.241] 610 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 50030 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 6 arcount = 9 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1472, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; gov. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (6 records) gov. 172800 IN NS a.ns.gov. gov. 172800 IN NS b.ns.gov. gov. 172800 IN NS c.ns.gov. gov. 172800 IN NS d.ns.gov. gov. 86400 IN DS ( 2536 13 2 0baf26b7bbf313a859046fd3b1ee49ddfba33934cfb3e717c21e2a2935c2f259 ) gov. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20261002170000 20260919160000 57780 . WGIYCtVfmaLSPju94cq9B+Ux0hWWLccCTeRRlqAcVBoNiAyEt3WjxrCeiag1V5BrSTnr7UZ/TlBo LHJeJIYsrD2iqwNLtYyrenV9FgQ9GeO5ixLLrkHnYELmCzbQv5H8HV5v48s7Ga8j6XmL4sf79vOt iEq5ovN8NXYo9o5qgK4sh+C53EayE7DLWDOTL5WXLfIsxntZQgSd+jM/shJOloFuD26iEqP9wQ62 AiYiqwCtfaxuJJYiyYC4NTpNqcyIzF9daiEM0N63X/wYnKAq//Rp4TjUWUH+DN9an6iPOtx/i269 YbGsg/U9b5RClphL7PSb7jsTmci4gngUd86ysw== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (9 records) a.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.230.1 a.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff40::1 b.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.231.1 b.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff41::1 c.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.232.1 c.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff42::1 d.ns.gov. 172800 IN A 199.33.233.1 d.ns.gov. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:ff43::1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found child zone gov

gov

	Checking DS between . and gov
	Query to k.root-servers.net for gov/DS
	Received 367 bytes from 193.0.14.129
	;; Response received from [193.0.14.129] 367 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 26860 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; gov. IN DS ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) gov. 86400 IN DS ( 2536 13 2 0baf26b7bbf313a859046fd3b1ee49ddfba33934cfb3e717c21e2a2935c2f259 ) gov. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20261002170000 20260919160000 57780 . WGIYCtVfmaLSPju94cq9B+Ux0hWWLccCTeRRlqAcVBoNiAyEt3WjxrCeiag1V5BrSTnr7UZ/TlBo LHJeJIYsrD2iqwNLtYyrenV9FgQ9GeO5ixLLrkHnYELmCzbQv5H8HV5v48s7Ga8j6XmL4sf79vOt iEq5ovN8NXYo9o5qgK4sh+C53EayE7DLWDOTL5WXLfIsxntZQgSd+jM/shJOloFuD26iEqP9wQ62 AiYiqwCtfaxuJJYiyYC4NTpNqcyIzF9daiEM0N63X/wYnKAq//Rp4TjUWUH+DN9an6iPOtx/i269 YbGsg/U9b5RClphL7PSb7jsTmci4gngUd86ysw== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 1 DS records for gov in the . zone
	DS=2536/SHA-256 has algorithm ECDSAP256SHA256
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DS RRset
	`gov. 86400 IN RRSIG ( DS 8 1 86400 20261002170000 20260919160000 57780 . WGIYCtVfmaLSPju94cq9B+Ux0hWWLccCTeRRlqAcVBoNiAyEt3WjxrCeiag1V5BrSTnr7UZ/TlBo LHJeJIYsrD2iqwNLtYyrenV9FgQ9GeO5ixLLrkHnYELmCzbQv5H8HV5v48s7Ga8j6XmL4sf79vOt iEq5ovN8NXYo9o5qgK4sh+C53EayE7DLWDOTL5WXLfIsxntZQgSd+jM/shJOloFuD26iEqP9wQ62 AiYiqwCtfaxuJJYiyYC4NTpNqcyIzF9daiEM0N63X/wYnKAq//Rp4TjUWUH+DN9an6iPOtx/i269 YbGsg/U9b5RClphL7PSb7jsTmci4gngUd86ysw== )`
	RRSIG=57780 and DNSKEY=57780 verifies the DS RRset
	DS=2536/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust
	`gov. 86400 IN DS ( 2536 13 2 0baf26b7bbf313a859046fd3b1ee49ddfba33934cfb3e717c21e2a2935c2f259 )`
	Query to a.ns.gov for gov/DNSKEY
	Received 291 bytes from 199.33.230.1
	;; Response received from [199.33.230.1] 291 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 6234 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; gov. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) gov. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 D6ZhJTObQw3+kcewWf5iTHbzD3uTdbs5xf0kQfP/VXZcDovWJd0DUgHlp2VC002aLDCwhLoPPVN2 VfyoPnjCqg== ) ; keytag 2536 gov. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 Of5kU9k4XfdcPwCK9k/zRJNu+Xspnw/BDd+1V6ZpDXRIpHe35BnHTZUBJN9gd6++HkiGXx2YnTji iO7/q+Yamg== ) ; keytag 35496 gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 1 3600 20261027110638 20260827110638 2536 gov. PtRLa+tjVuHiye3klDjS7yugV+CJgjvDc9nmgh/T1kZfHsYlKKP7AZC5rN3tuCnWUBN0JLaqMvvB aOtx0rt13Q== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 2 DNSKEY records for gov
	`gov. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 13 D6ZhJTObQw3+kcewWf5iTHbzD3uTdbs5xf0kQfP/VXZcDovWJd0DUgHlp2VC002aLDCwhLoPPVN2 VfyoPnjCqg== ) ; keytag 2536`
	`gov. 3600 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 13 Of5kU9k4XfdcPwCK9k/zRJNu+Xspnw/BDd+1V6ZpDXRIpHe35BnHTZUBJN9gd6++HkiGXx2YnTji iO7/q+Yamg== ) ; keytag 35496`
	DNSKEY=2536/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=2536/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=2536/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 13 1 3600 20261027110638 20260827110638 2536 gov. PtRLa+tjVuHiye3klDjS7yugV+CJgjvDc9nmgh/T1kZfHsYlKKP7AZC5rN3tuCnWUBN0JLaqMvvB aOtx0rt13Q== )`
	RRSIG=2536 and DNSKEY=2536/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=35496 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to c.ns.gov for irs.gov/A
	Received 249 bytes from 199.33.232.1
	;; Response received from [199.33.232.1] 249 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 63959 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 4 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; irs.gov. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (4 records) irs.gov. 10800 IN NS ns0022.secondary.cloudflare.com. irs.gov. 10800 IN NS ns0227.secondary.cloudflare.com. irs.gov. 3600 IN DS ( 10226 8 2 c94f81e17566ebb0aca0227e07297e9b3236b9dcafc018bbe72ce0c9229630bb ) irs.gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 3600 20260920194045 20260918174045 35496 gov. DzNN3P93ZKTvE6Q6kxgDuGqM7OSZf0CxC9IHUD0H9drh2MeGoW6Hqhlk8YHVKbVNh0w6/ynX3qEv rWUOCFqxjQ== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to a.ns.gov for irs.gov/DNSKEY
	Received 249 bytes from 199.33.230.1
	;; Response received from [199.33.230.1] 249 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 12552 ;; qr = 1 aa = 0 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 0 ;; nscount = 4 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; irs.gov. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (0 records) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (4 records) irs.gov. 10800 IN NS ns0022.secondary.cloudflare.com. irs.gov. 10800 IN NS ns0227.secondary.cloudflare.com. irs.gov. 3600 IN DS ( 10226 8 2 c94f81e17566ebb0aca0227e07297e9b3236b9dcafc018bbe72ce0c9229630bb ) irs.gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 3600 20260920194045 20260918174045 35496 gov. Tw3GYJ8dN4vPreMv6skA9z6beYqou4FkFWje4oHdVLlkrZaZUBmyhjQaKBgoq+2MBBM8CaMWc64S axqbxnXTPg== ) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found child zone irs.gov

irs.gov

	Checking DS between gov and irs.gov
	Query to d.ns.gov for irs.gov/DS
	Received 183 bytes from 199.33.233.1
	;; Response received from [199.33.233.1] 183 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 22638 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; irs.gov. IN DS ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) irs.gov. 3600 IN DS ( 10226 8 2 c94f81e17566ebb0aca0227e07297e9b3236b9dcafc018bbe72ce0c9229630bb ) irs.gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 3600 20260920194045 20260918174045 35496 gov. N7e08U3jq57h4Mn7t7yZt3we/+3/fCIeYAidMHDxZEcrQXPvzQUQgiOq265iCu/1wETYxk/AkAn5 9OcxqcmU9Q== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 1 DS records for irs.gov in the gov zone
	DS=10226/SHA-256 has algorithm RSASHA256
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DS RRset
	`irs.gov. 3600 IN RRSIG ( DS 13 2 3600 20260920194045 20260918174045 35496 gov. N7e08U3jq57h4Mn7t7yZt3we/+3/fCIeYAidMHDxZEcrQXPvzQUQgiOq265iCu/1wETYxk/AkAn5 9OcxqcmU9Q== )`
	RRSIG=35496 and DNSKEY=35496 verifies the DS RRset
	DS=10226/SHA-256 is now in the chain-of-trust
	`irs.gov. 3600 IN DS ( 10226 8 2 c94f81e17566ebb0aca0227e07297e9b3236b9dcafc018bbe72ce0c9229630bb )`
	Query to ns0022.secondary.cloudflare.com for irs.gov/DNSKEY
	Received 883 bytes from 162.159.32.23
	;; Response received from [162.159.32.23] 883 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 34030 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; irs.gov. IN DNSKEY ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) irs.gov. 10800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAcTFIBDuN6SODqnZErroKNn0kM7q9u0GnTjcHiQJc3LkdOmzVjnRZHj4KVxQEi+x1aX20yrs BzSw9MvUBtilgqiXcYGZPzjUHW71xYfKwQ+my3g33YySNc8ZoRMuTp7GzrnDAcumsFHzmcU7bbMe XDCt87x5E2VmbiORMNYIxfMroAKKrRCrf508AbdmeymGrnzqsdIg5vP1kudX8TZmTWdE2uIrTb+l uJXuX3ZaExdlqTIHuCp/DYpzYjFe6r/IXVhEH5GlCNhBXJnXwzoFlD6dvSS7lBhgYUTdHdeCGu5K d0R5OEBp53QugpYEMQPx3rxJMxYB4D00/EQPWx06cIE= ) ; keytag 64021 irs.gov. 10800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAdyBXX4YQk/F+GRZr0fnahrki3+8fXT4xgbeKjhBqtYm4YIaOCYVP2Ld0HOimw2oYC9Hm51w +EPxwVp3Y3Yvb3ldpLnxUmHhzh7cAwxeRbBEoj1s6vxdwhLFrbabhtkB+ZATbBLccRhJSa9hcgLJ HMG+RQ4Q9pXzfJktjS/vutdcXPma0zWUjMk/VEg9o9RQG1BNNYRFJVBWbi6eHbNQc16Skz53jSiU 4dSm5xFK71tAz6gB5YGwlSL/05moLUgTE9PkfZZFhRidK02TDOXof/sxjSTafNXn44NjB4caZfko bDRQHRKlrQNd7MqGtEq5cWTQHJwOdjIEU7Vayefv4Z0= ) ; keytag 10226 irs.gov. 10800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 2 10800 20261002175859 20260918162859 10226 irs.gov. VErsThA+LeoWzwVhIlX0OfnfR0injPnIGgZ+UJHnabhkrEcslII8jnVqJaNIemfKb9jbrZ4bv5CO QXUd8G02nB/nTRvLRQj/Af0TJQa7RMSKteNx0wQ03hdnnXRSPRSfKkLnAH0881TqCavI7aX/QdXz du0Sb5rISV6X4F9w35SJI+Mz+ABdxT8A1KI+8DTao74HiOZuLgGNj96dwUWdrP1jMYlo68niNRs4 DuhfLzK6aV65DX7jo1O2r1ZdfW0roW68ZXFQB0iiF7Q5kPFcejhmETsMkMLLzwNyIIg5Lptva4Tb pQUs9Vb1Uf9pTfwqvvoE4Jfv09C1yDiRJFRa2A== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Found 2 DNSKEY records for irs.gov
	`irs.gov. 10800 IN DNSKEY ( 256 3 8 AwEAAcTFIBDuN6SODqnZErroKNn0kM7q9u0GnTjcHiQJc3LkdOmzVjnRZHj4KVxQEi+x1aX20yrs BzSw9MvUBtilgqiXcYGZPzjUHW71xYfKwQ+my3g33YySNc8ZoRMuTp7GzrnDAcumsFHzmcU7bbMe XDCt87x5E2VmbiORMNYIxfMroAKKrRCrf508AbdmeymGrnzqsdIg5vP1kudX8TZmTWdE2uIrTb+l uJXuX3ZaExdlqTIHuCp/DYpzYjFe6r/IXVhEH5GlCNhBXJnXwzoFlD6dvSS7lBhgYUTdHdeCGu5K d0R5OEBp53QugpYEMQPx3rxJMxYB4D00/EQPWx06cIE= ) ; keytag 64021`
	`irs.gov. 10800 IN DNSKEY ( 257 3 8 AwEAAdyBXX4YQk/F+GRZr0fnahrki3+8fXT4xgbeKjhBqtYm4YIaOCYVP2Ld0HOimw2oYC9Hm51w +EPxwVp3Y3Yvb3ldpLnxUmHhzh7cAwxeRbBEoj1s6vxdwhLFrbabhtkB+ZATbBLccRhJSa9hcgLJ HMG+RQ4Q9pXzfJktjS/vutdcXPma0zWUjMk/VEg9o9RQG1BNNYRFJVBWbi6eHbNQc16Skz53jSiU 4dSm5xFK71tAz6gB5YGwlSL/05moLUgTE9PkfZZFhRidK02TDOXof/sxjSTafNXn44NjB4caZfko bDRQHRKlrQNd7MqGtEq5cWTQHJwOdjIEU7Vayefv4Z0= ) ; keytag 10226`
	DNSKEY=10226/SEP is now in the chain-of-trust
	DS=10226/SHA-256 verifies DNSKEY=10226/SEP
	Found 1 RRSIGs over DNSKEY RRset
	`irs.gov. 10800 IN RRSIG ( DNSKEY 8 2 10800 20261002175859 20260918162859 10226 irs.gov. VErsThA+LeoWzwVhIlX0OfnfR0injPnIGgZ+UJHnabhkrEcslII8jnVqJaNIemfKb9jbrZ4bv5CO QXUd8G02nB/nTRvLRQj/Af0TJQa7RMSKteNx0wQ03hdnnXRSPRSfKkLnAH0881TqCavI7aX/QdXz du0Sb5rISV6X4F9w35SJI+Mz+ABdxT8A1KI+8DTao74HiOZuLgGNj96dwUWdrP1jMYlo68niNRs4 DuhfLzK6aV65DX7jo1O2r1ZdfW0roW68ZXFQB0iiF7Q5kPFcejhmETsMkMLLzwNyIIg5Lptva4Tb pQUs9Vb1Uf9pTfwqvvoE4Jfv09C1yDiRJFRa2A== )`
	RRSIG=10226 and DNSKEY=10226/SEP verifies the DNSKEY RRset
	DNSKEY=64021 is now in the chain-of-trust
	Query to ns0227.secondary.cloudflare.com for irs.gov/A
	Received 363 bytes from 162.159.33.102
	;; Response received from [162.159.33.102] 363 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 38329 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; irs.gov. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) irs.gov. 10800 IN A 152.216.11.110 irs.gov. 10800 IN A 152.216.7.110 irs.gov. 10800 IN RRSIG ( A 8 2 10800 20261002135859 20260918122859 64021 irs.gov. BimKHCTcRmkDvG18wKl0OStw5+ZZsy0PiYmSBjaV9g9bdhXFcDsPCUtZeug9opupFV0Wu9H0tbZT sixuvf6GZCy8k0CJOLb8TjChSB90P18p03RDD4QpOvHoVtvEztTmlq6+BW+2QSH408XpBgccpdHB QYMUtkSRw1id1evuE3KvC3ziqaPDYQlp3vsyEg999gMNsaw6wl+iZqubpuiIRTY3nvTbhtPgBLth pL+F89kcwUobE0AVpU76cKy/WR+8jt0y6VQDbK2lXkLcqHPLShze9/L9naOT3EptwdM6KhvPNMzZ fhjlZMifHO4UKeEUF0tIm891Y3GPvas+wkU5jQ== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	ns0227.secondary.cloudflare.com is authoritative for irs.gov
	Found RRSIG signed by irs.gov zone
	Query to ns0022.secondary.cloudflare.com for irs.gov/SOA
	Received 401 bytes from 162.159.32.23
	;; Response received from [162.159.32.23] 401 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 11142 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 2 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; irs.gov. IN SOA ;; ANSWER SECTION (2 records) irs.gov. 900 IN SOA ( ns1.irs.gov. it\.aciouns\.external\.dns\.admin.irs.gov. 2010093321 ;serial 3600 ;refresh 1800 ;retry 2419200 ;expire 900 ;minimum ) irs.gov. 900 IN RRSIG ( SOA 8 2 10800 20261002175859 20260918162859 64021 irs.gov. hvAcXtsmK599BW4GUbEYu28FJWSfT5Yv/B/JLla9y+p6Rq5aH457EgqUi8UtC6qe44PL0bs/PznM iNRxxjSOeJm9vaU/khVkQiNAHKruY7iOEfqY9313NJw3+sFVoXij9b4wgwaBJzpAe4/7c+6lA45V i+ImH40oq9FSm/CCvoj2L3UxWxKLddIDQCvppDTrKaHM/oXgUOAYNw3jShSdtTiftZUqmQQGnKww AZ9NKFCD0R6gTHkYcaemdf/Sv6viJSZO2e/BhXy1oVxo304K5V83j5NwtvjsrLxzr2/SWlHTZNRX X0jfpZdTY0tU0eHWmT66GNuYOSmgydQ/8BaGtg== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	Query to ns0227.secondary.cloudflare.com for irs.gov/A
	irs.gov A RR has value 152.216.11.110
	irs.gov A RR has value 152.216.7.110
	Found 1 RRSIGs over A RRset
	`irs.gov. 10800 IN RRSIG ( A 8 2 10800 20261002135859 20260918122859 64021 irs.gov. BimKHCTcRmkDvG18wKl0OStw5+ZZsy0PiYmSBjaV9g9bdhXFcDsPCUtZeug9opupFV0Wu9H0tbZT sixuvf6GZCy8k0CJOLb8TjChSB90P18p03RDD4QpOvHoVtvEztTmlq6+BW+2QSH408XpBgccpdHB QYMUtkSRw1id1evuE3KvC3ziqaPDYQlp3vsyEg999gMNsaw6wl+iZqubpuiIRTY3nvTbhtPgBLth pL+F89kcwUobE0AVpU76cKy/WR+8jt0y6VQDbK2lXkLcqHPLShze9/L9naOT3EptwdM6KhvPNMzZ fhjlZMifHO4UKeEUF0tIm891Y3GPvas+wkU5jQ== )`
	RRSIG=64021 and DNSKEY=64021 verifies the A RRset

irs.gov

	Query to ns0022.secondary.cloudflare.com for irs.gov/A
	Received 363 bytes from 162.159.32.23
	;; Response received from [162.159.32.23] 363 octets ;; HEADER SECTION ;; id = 30727 ;; qr = 1 aa = 1 tc = 0 rd = 0 opcode = QUERY ;; ra = 0 z = 0 ad = 0 cd = 0 rcode = NOERROR ;; do = 1 co = 0 ;; qdcount = 1 ancount = 3 ;; nscount = 0 arcount = 1 ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0, ;; "FLAGS": "8000", ;; "RCODE": 0, ;; "UDPSIZE": 1232, ;; "OPTIONS": [ ] ;; } ;; QUESTION SECTION (1 record) ;; irs.gov. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION (3 records) irs.gov. 10800 IN A 152.216.7.110 irs.gov. 10800 IN A 152.216.11.110 irs.gov. 10800 IN RRSIG ( A 8 2 10800 20261002135859 20260918122859 64021 irs.gov. BimKHCTcRmkDvG18wKl0OStw5+ZZsy0PiYmSBjaV9g9bdhXFcDsPCUtZeug9opupFV0Wu9H0tbZT sixuvf6GZCy8k0CJOLb8TjChSB90P18p03RDD4QpOvHoVtvEztTmlq6+BW+2QSH408XpBgccpdHB QYMUtkSRw1id1evuE3KvC3ziqaPDYQlp3vsyEg999gMNsaw6wl+iZqubpuiIRTY3nvTbhtPgBLth pL+F89kcwUobE0AVpU76cKy/WR+8jt0y6VQDbK2lXkLcqHPLShze9/L9naOT3EptwdM6KhvPNMzZ fhjlZMifHO4UKeEUF0tIm891Y3GPvas+wkU5jQ== ) ;; AUTHORITY SECTION (0 records) ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION (1 record) ;; { "EDNS-VERSION": 0 }
	ns0022.secondary.cloudflare.com is authoritative for irs.gov
	Found RRSIG signed by irs.gov zone
	Query to ns0022.secondary.cloudflare.com for irs.gov/A
	irs.gov A RR has value 152.216.7.110
	irs.gov A RR has value 152.216.11.110
	Found 1 RRSIGs over A RRset
	`irs.gov. 10800 IN RRSIG ( A 8 2 10800 20261002135859 20260918122859 64021 irs.gov. BimKHCTcRmkDvG18wKl0OStw5+ZZsy0PiYmSBjaV9g9bdhXFcDsPCUtZeug9opupFV0Wu9H0tbZT sixuvf6GZCy8k0CJOLb8TjChSB90P18p03RDD4QpOvHoVtvEztTmlq6+BW+2QSH408XpBgccpdHB QYMUtkSRw1id1evuE3KvC3ziqaPDYQlp3vsyEg999gMNsaw6wl+iZqubpuiIRTY3nvTbhtPgBLth pL+F89kcwUobE0AVpU76cKy/WR+8jt0y6VQDbK2lXkLcqHPLShze9/L9naOT3EptwdM6KhvPNMzZ fhjlZMifHO4UKeEUF0tIm891Y3GPvas+wkU5jQ== )`
	RRSIG=64021 and DNSKEY=64021 verifies the A RRset

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